Cystic Acne: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Dr. Venkatesh Purohit, Dermatologist
Cystic acne is the most severe form of acne, characterized by painful, deep-seated cysts under the skin. It often affects teenagers and young adults but can occur at any age. Understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatment options is essential for effective management.
Causes of Cystic Acne
Cystic acne develops when pores become clogged with:
- Excess Sebum (Oil): Overproduction of oil by sebaceous glands.
- Dead Skin Cells: Accumulated dead cells block pores.
- Bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes): Trapped bacteria multiply, causing inflammation and infection.
Key contributing factors include:
- Hormonal Imbalances: Common during puberty, menstruation, or conditions like PCOS.
- Genetics: A family history of severe acne increases the risk.
- Dietary Triggers: High glycemic index foods or dairy products may exacerbate acne.
- Stress: Can worsen acne by increasing hormone levels.
Symptoms of Cystic Acne
- Large, painful, red cysts or nodules under the skin.
- Swelling and tenderness around the affected area.
- Persistent lesions that may lead to scarring.
- Commonly appears on the face, chest, back, shoulders, and upper arms.
Treatment Options for Cystic Acne
1. Medical Treatments
- Oral Medications:
- Isotretinoin: A powerful retinoid effective for severe cases.
- Antibiotics: To reduce bacterial infection and inflammation.
- Hormonal Therapy: Birth control pills or anti-androgens (e.g., spironolactone) for hormone-related acne.
- Topical Treatments:
- Retinoids (e.g., tretinoin) to prevent pore blockage.
- Benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid to combat bacteria and exfoliate skin.
2. Procedures
- Corticosteroid Injections: For quick relief from painful cysts.
- Chemical Peels: To improve skin texture and reduce scars.
- Laser and Light Therapy: Targets bacteria and inflammation.
3. Lifestyle Modifications
- Skincare Routine:
- Use gentle, non-comedogenic products.
- Avoid excessive scrubbing or harsh cleansers.
- Dietary Adjustments:
- Limit sugar and processed foods.
- Include anti-inflammatory foods like omega-3 fatty acids.
- Stress Management: Practice relaxation techniques such as yoga or meditation.
When to See a Dermatologist
Seek professional help if:
- Acne is painful, widespread, or persistent.
- Over-the-counter treatments are ineffective.
- Acne leads to emotional distress or scarring.
Dr. Venkatesh Purohit specializes in treating severe acne cases using evidence-based dermatological approaches tailored to individual needs. Early intervention can prevent complications and improve skin health.
